Bridges of Ross Ross Fm



Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledge exposing the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954) and also described as a series of sedimentary slumped features by Strachen (2002). Ledges exposing megaflute scars (after Elliot 2000) in the Ross Formation sandstones above the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Ledges exposing megaflute scars (after Elliot 2000) in the Ross Formation sandstones above the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Ledges exposing megaflute scars (after Elliot 2000) in the Ross Formation sandstones above the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Ledges exposing megaflute scars (after Elliot 2000) in the Ross Formation sandstones above the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Ledges exposing megaflute scars (after Elliot 2000) in the Ross Formation sandstones above the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Ledges exposing megaflute scars (after Elliot 2000) in the Ross Formation sandstones above the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Portion of winged channelized turbidite from Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation, Western Ireland (Ellliot 2000 a) Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone formation eroded by wave action to leave a standing arch of sand or Pleistocene alluvium resting on eroded surface of the Ross Formation sandstones just north of Bridge of Ross but south of the sand volcanoe locality. Cliffs at North Ross Point, the peninsula exposing the Ross Formation sandstones just north of Bridge of Ross. This peninsula is the sand volcanoe locality which overlies the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Cliffs at North Ross Point, the peninsula exposing the Ross Formation sandstones just north of Bridge of Ross. This peninsula is the sand volcanoe locality which overlies the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Cliffs at North Ross Point, the peninsula exposing the Ross Formation sandstones just north of Bridge of Ross. This peninsula is the sand volcanoe locality which overlies the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). The submarine sand volcanoes are immediately below this sandstone. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). The submarine sand volcanoes are immediately below this sandstone. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). The submarine sand volcanoes are immediately below this sandstone. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). The submarine sand volcanoes are immediately below this sandstone. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). The submarine sand volcanoes are immediately below this sandstone. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Lower surfaces of sandstones immediately above shale parting show dewatering fabrics. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Lower surfaces of sandstones immediately above shale parting show dewatering fabrics. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Lower surfaces of sandstones immediately above shale parting show dewatering fabrics. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Lower surfaces of sandstones immediately above shale parting show dewatering fabrics. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Lower surfaces of sandstones immediately above shale parting show dewatering fabrics. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Lower surfaces of sandstones immediately above shale parting show dewatering fabrics. North Ross Point exposures of the bedded Ross Formation sandstones that overly the slumped Ross Slide of Gill (1954). Lower surfaces of sandstones immediately above shale parting show dewatering fabrics. Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002). Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone sand volcanoes overly the Ross Slide. Volcanoes are built by sands transported by water released when the slide compacted beneath its own weight. Flank slopes reach 15° (Gill & Kuenen, 1958) with slightly concave outer slopes exhibiting flow runnels and ridges down the flanks with a central sand filledcrater (Strachen, 2002).


Deepwater Bridges of Ross Formation
 
Ross Formation at Bridges of Ross
 
The lower portion of the Ross Formation section at the Bridges of Ross consists of deepwater fan lobes with sparse shallow channeling. Above is a slumped horizon that extends over most of exposure at the Bridges of Ross and at its north end exhibits a series of sand volcanoes overlying the slumped sediments. Capping the slumped horizon and sand volcanoes are sheets of sand characterized by incised stacked channels whose sandstone fill extends beyond the channels as wings (Elliot, 2000a).

Photos by Christopher Kendall, Peter Haughton and David Pyles.  Thanks to David Pyles for his annotated overview of shore taken from a helicopter and the same shot with no words at start of gallery.

This locality is famous to the local Irish and visiting tourists for the well known arched "Bridge" of the Ross Sandstone that has been eroded by wave surge. Among the geologists attracted by the arches, now arch, were the sedimentologists who recognized the sand volcanoes developed from de-watering at the top of the slumped horizons. This in turn led to study of the deepwater sedimentary systems of the Ross Formation. In particular the upper part to the Ross Sandstone Formation where it is dominated by a major slump that is overlain by a compound turbidite channel.

The research of Dan Gill (Prof Gill to his Trinity College Dublin students) introduced the sedimentology of the outcrops of the Bridges of Ross to TCD students and then working with Kuenen (Gill and Kuenen, 1958, later expanded on with Gill , 1979) he focused on the sand volcanoes that are exposed at this locality. This work was expanded by Rider (1974) who recognized that the Clare Shales have a deepwater euxinic setting and that the sandstones of the Ross Formation are the products of the turbidity currents that flowed from the south-west in the late Carboniferous. These initial studies inspired the research of Martinsen (1989), Strachan, (2002), Lien et al, (2003), Pyles, (2004, & 2007), among many others, all of whom have been extending our understanding of this classic geological outcrop and field area. Now, the fact that hydrocarbons are trapped in similar deepwater systems elsewhere on our globe, have made the Bridges of Ross area a place to visit to geologists associated with the oil industry, as they travel to Co. Clare to try and better understand deepwater sedimentary systems.

Useful References to Ross and Carboniferous of Ireland and Britain

Chapin, M.A., Davies, P., Gibson, J.L. & Pettingill, H.S. (1994), Reservoir architecture of turbidite sheet sandstones in laterally extensive outcrops, Ross Formation, western Ireland. In Weimer, P., Bouma, A.H. & Perkins, R.F (eds), Submarine fans and turbidite systems, GCSSEPM 15th Annual Research Conference, 53-68.

Collinson, J.D., Martinsen, O. Bakken, B. and Kloster, A. (1991), Early fill of the western Irish Namurian Basin: a complex relationship between turbidites and deltas. Basin Research, 3, 223-242.

Davies, S.J. & Elliott, T. (1996), Spectral gamma ray characterisation of Hodson, F. & Lewarne, G.C. (1961) A mid-Carboniferous (Namurian) Basin in parts of the counties of Limerick and Clare, Ireland. Quart. Geol. Soc. Lond., 117, 307-333.

Elliott, T., 2000 a, Depositional architecture of a sand-rich, channelized turbidite system: the Upper Carboniferous Ross Sandstone Formation, Western Ireland. in P. Weimer, R. M. Slatt, A. H. Bouma, and D. T. Lawrence, eds., Deep-water reservoirs of the world: Gulf Coast Section SEPM Foundation, Twentieth Annual Research Conference, p. 342–373.

Elliott, T., 2000 b, Megaflute erosion surfaces and the initiation of turbidite channels, Geology; v. 28; no. 2; p. 119–122.

Gill, W. D., and Kuenen, P. H. 1958, Syndepositional sliding and slumping in the West Clare Namurian Basin, Ireland. Geol. Surv. Irel., Spec. Pub. 4, 1-121.

Leeder, M. R., 1976, Sedimentary facies and the origins of basin subsidence along the northern margin of the supposed Hercynian Ocean: Tectonophysics, v. 36, p. 167-179.

Leeder, M. R., 1982, Upper Paleozoic Basin of the British Isle—Caledonian inheritance versus Hercynian plate margin processes: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 139, p. 79-491.

Leeder, M. R., 1988, Recent developments in Carboniferous geology: a critical review with implications for the British Isles and north-west Europe: Proceedings of the Geological Association, v. 99, p. 73- 100.

Lees, A., 1961, The Waulsortian “reefs” of Eire; a carbonate mudbank complex of lower Carboniferous age: Journal of Geology, v. 69, p. 101-109.

Lewarne, G. C., 1959, The junction of the Upper and Lower Carboniferous of Co. Clare and Co. Limerick, Eire: Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading

Lien, T., R. G. Walker, and O. J. Martinsen, 2003, Turbidites in the Upper Carboniferous Ross Formation, western Ireland: reconstruction of a channel and spillover system: Sedimentology, v. 50, p. 113-148.

Martinsen, O.J. (1989), Styles of soft sediment deformation on a Namurian (Carboniferous) delta slope, western Ireland Namurian Basin, Ireland. In Whatley, M.K.G. & Pickering, K.T. (eds) Deltas: sites and traps for fossil fuels, Geological Society Special Publication, 41, 167-177.

Martinsen, O.J. & Bakken, B. (1990), Extensional and compressional zones in slumps and slides in the Namurian of County Clare, Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society, 147, 153-164.

Martinsen, O. J., T. Lien, and R. G. Walker, 2000, Upper Carboniferous deep water sediments, western Ireland: analogues for passive margin turbidite plays, in P. Weimer, R. M. Slatt, J. Coleman, N. C. Rossen, H. Nelson, A. H. Bouma, M. J. Styzen, and D. T. Lawrence, eds., Deep-water reservoirs of the world, Gulf Coast Section-SEPM Special Publication, p. 533-555.

Martinsen, O. J., and J. D. Collinson, 2002, The Western Irish Namurian Basin reassessed—a discussion: Basin Research, v. 14, p. 523-542.

Martinsen, O. J., T. Lien, R. G. Walker, and J. D. Collinson, 2003, Facies and sequential organization of a mudstone-dominated slope and basin floor succession: the Gull Island Formation, Shannon Basin, western Ireland: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 20, p. 789-807

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Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 2001, Discovery Series no 63, County Clare and County Kerry, 2nd edition, 1:50000.

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Pulham, A.J. (1989), Controls on internal structure and architecture of sandstone bodies within Upper carboniferous fluvial-dominated deltas, County Clare, western Ireland. In Whatley, M.K.G. & Pickering, K.T. (eds) Deltas: sites and traps for fossil fuels, Geological Society Special Publication, 41, 179-203.

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Pyles, D.R., 2007, architectural elements in a ponded submarine fan, Carboniferous Ross Sandstone, western Ireland, in T. H. Nilsen, R.D. Shew, G.S. Steffens, J.R.J. Studlick, Atlas of Deepwater Outcrops: AAPG Studies in Geology 56, CD-ROM, 19 p.

Pyles, D.R., 2008, Multiscale stratigraphic analysis of a structurally confined submarine fan, Carboniferous Ross Sandstone, Ireland: AAPG Bulletin, v. 92, p. 557-587.

Pyles, D.R., Reply, 2009, Multiscale stratigraphic analysis of a structurally confined submarine fan, Carboniferous Ross Sandstone, Ireland: AAPG Bulletin, v. 93, p. 1710-1721.

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Rider, M.H. (1969), Sedimentological studies in the West Clare Namurian Basin, Ireland and the Mississippi Delta. Unpublished PhD thesis, Imperial College London.
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Wignall, P.B. and Best, J.L. (2000), The Western Irish Namurian Basin reassessed. Basin Research 12, 59-78.

Wignall, P.B. and Best, J.L. (2002), The Western Irish Namurian Basin reassessed – a discussion. Basin Research 14, 523-542.



 
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